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Atakapa is an extinct language isolate native to southwestern Louisiana and nearby coastal eastern Texas. It was spoken by the Atakapa people (also known as "Ishak"). The language became extinct in the early 20th century. ==History== Atakapa oral history says that they originated from the sea. An ancestral prophet laid out the rules of conduct.〔Sturtevant, 662.〕 The first European contact with the Atakapa may have been in 1528 by survivors of the Spanish Pánfilo de Narváez expedition. They made two barges, which were blown ashore on the Gulf Coast. One group of survivors met the Karankawa, while the other probably landed on Galveston Island. The latter recorded meeting a group who called themselves the Han, who may have been the ''Akokisa''. In 1703, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, the French governor of ''La Louisiane'', sent three men to explore the Gulf Coast west of the Mississippi River. The seventh nation they encountered were the Atakapa, who captured, killed and cannibalized one member of their party. In 1714 this tribe was one of 14 who came to Jean-Michel de Lepinay, who was acting French Governor of Louisiana between 1717 and 1718,〔(enlou.com )〕 while he was fortifying Dauphin Island, Alabama.〔("The Atakapa" ), Lutherans Online〕 The Choctaw told the French settlers about the "People of the West," who represented numerous subdivisions or tribes. The French referred to them as ''le sauvage''. The Choctaw used the name ''Atakapa,'' meaning "people eater" (''hattak'' 'person', ''apa'' 'to eat'), for these competitors.〔Sturvent, 662.〕 It referred to their practice of ritual cannibalism related to warfare. The Gulf coast peoples practiced this on their enemies. A French explorer, Francois Simars de Bellisle, lived among the Atakapa from 1719 to 1721. He described Atakapa cannibalistic feasts which he observed firsthand.〔Newcomb, 327.〕 The practice of cannibalism likely had a religious, ritualistic basis. French Jesuit missionaries urged the Atakapa to end this practice. The French historian Antoine-Simon Le Page du Pratz lived in Louisiana from 1718 to 1734, a total of 16 years. He wrote:〔("Attakapas" ), ''The Cajuns.com''.〕 Louis LeClerc Milfort, a Frenchman who spent 20 years living with and traveling among the Muscogee Creek, came upon the Atakapa in 1781 during his travels. He wrote:〔Milfort, Louis Leclerc. (''Memoirs or A Quick Glance at my various travels and my sojourn in the Creek Nation'' ), Chapter 15, Rootsweb Homepages.〕 In 1760, the French Gabriel Fuselier de la Claire, coming to the Attakapas Territory, bought all the land between Vermilion River and Bayou Teche from the Eastern Atakapa Chief Kinemo. It was shortly after that a rival Indian tribe, the Appalousa (Opelousas), coming from the area between the Atchalafaya and Sabine Rivers, exterminated the Eastern Atakapa. They had occupied the area between Atchalafaya River and ''Bayou Nezpique'' (Attakapas Territory). William Byrd Powell (1799–1867), a medical doctor and physiologist, regarded the Atakapan as cannibals. He noted that they traditionally flattened their skulls frontally and not occipitally, a practice opposite to that of neighboring tribes, such as the Natchez Nation.〔Powell, William Byrd. Letter to Samuel G. Morton. 12 August 1839. American Philosophical Society, L.S. 2p. 127.〕 The Atakapa traded with the Chitimacha tribe in historical times.〔Pritzker, 374.〕 In the early 18th century, some Atakapa married into the Houma tribe of Louisiana.〔Pritzker, 382.〕 Members of the Tunica-Biloxi tribe joined the Atakapa tribe in the late 18th century.〔Pritzker, 393.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atakapa language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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